Contoh Report Text
For many years, many people believed
that the cleverest animals after man were the chimpanzees. Now, however, there
is proof that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes.
Although a dolphin lives in the sea
it is not a fish. It is a mammal. It is in many ways, therefore, like a human
being.
Dolphins have a simple language.
They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for man to learn how
to talk to dolphins. But this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear the
kind of sounds man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he
will have to make a third language which both he and the dolphins can
understand.
Dolphins are also very friendly
toward man. They often follow ships. There are many stories about dolphins
guiding ships through difficult and dangerous water.
Selama bertahun-tahun , banyak orang
percaya bahwa hewan terpandai setelah manusia adalah simpanse . Sekarang ,
bagaimanapun, ada bukti bahwa lumba-lumba mungkin bahkan lebih pintar daripada
kera besar.
Meskipun kehidupan lumba-lumba di
laut itu bukan ikan . Ini adalah mamalia . Hal ini dalam banyak hal , oleh
karena itu, seperti manusia .
Lumba-lumba memiliki bahasa yang
sederhana . Mereka mampu berbicara satu sama lain . Dimungkinkan bagi manusia
untuk belajar bagaimana berbicara dengan lumba-lumba . Tapi ini tidak akan
mudah karena lumba-lumba tidak bisa mendengar suara jenis pria dapat membuat .
Jika manusia ingin berbicara dengan lumba-lumba , karena itu, ia akan harus
membuat bahasa ketiga yang baik dia dan lumba-lumba bisa mengerti .
Lumba-lumba juga sangat ramah
terhadap manusia. Mereka sering mengikuti kapal . Ada banyak cerita tentang
lumba-lumba membimbing kapal melalui air sulit dan berbahaya .
Text di atas menjelaskan tentang
dolphin secara umum. Di paragraf kedua tercantum jelas bahwa dolphin belongs to
mammal. Ini menjelaskan bahwa dophin termasuk ke dalam kelas mamalia. Di
paragraf ketiga dan selanjutnya menjelaskan tentang kebiasaan dari dolphin
secara umum.
Contoh lain:
A razor is a tool which is found in
nearly every bathroom. A man who has thick hair on his face may have to shave
twice a day. It is a habit which can be dangerous. For many years, a razor was
a handle with a long piece of steel which was sharp and flat at one end. These
razors had a long open blade.
But today’s razors are safer and
more convenient to use. The thing which makes today’s razor safe is that the
blade is small thin sharp piece of steel. The person who invented razor
blades was a man called King Gillette. He was a clever man who had many ideas
for new inventions. He wanted to make a blade that was safe and which could be
used several times. In 1891, he invented a new type of razor blade. It was
short and it was held in a special handle. The sharp edge of the blade
did not stick out very far. It was a razor which was safe to use. It was
more difficult to cut yourself than with the older type of razor.
Gillette’s razor blade became
popular. It was an invention which worked well and which everybody need because
each blade only lasted 8 to 10 times. Gillette sold many of his new safety
blades and soon became a millionaire.
Teks di atas menceritakan tentang
benda mati yaitu razor. Di paragraf awal menggambarkan tentang suatu alat
berupa razor secara umum. Di paragraf berikutnya menjelaskan tentang bagian dan
bentuk dari razor.
4.) Report (Laporan hasil
pengamatan)
Ciri Umum:
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Menyampaikan informasi tentang
sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang
dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gajala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia,
atau gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat
berupa simpulan umum, misalnya, ikan paus termasuk binatang mamalia karena ikan
tersebut melahirkan anaknya. Untuk membuat laporan semacam ini, siswa perlu
mengamati dan membandingkan ikan paus dengan binatang lainnya yang memiliki
ciri-ciri yang sama.
Siswa dapat mencoba membuat teks
laporan tentang, misalnya, rumah sangat sederhana, warung tegal, sekolah, rumah
sakit dsb. dengan mendekripsikan ciri-ciri subyek tersebut sehingga disebut
rumah sederhana, dsb.
(b) Struktur Teks:
Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan
subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya.(General Clasification)
·
Deskripsi lanjutan dari General Classification
(Description:tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts,
qualities, habits or behaviors).
Contoh:
HEART
The heart is the most important part
of the body. It is the center of life. However, the heart is only as big as a
closed hand. ( General Classification)
The heart is a muscle and it beats
about seventy times per minute throughthout a person’s life. (Description)
The heart pumps blood from your
heart to all parts of your body. The heart is made up of four chambers or small
“rooms”. The top chamber are called the right and left auriclesand the botttom
chambers are the right and left ventricles. (Description)
When blood enters the heart. It is
in dark reddish color because it countains carbon dioxide. The blood enters the
right auricle and then the right ventricle. When the heart contracts, it forces
the blood to the lungs where the blood receives oxygen. It then goes to the
left auricle. The heart contracts again, and the blood goes to the left
ventricle and is then forced out into the body. The blood gathers carbon
dioxide and returns to the heart, and the process begins again. (Description)
PLANT
Plants are living beings. They need
food, water and air for survival. (General Classification)
Plants derive their food from the
earth and the air. If you look at their roots, you will find that ends of these
roots are like fine fibers. We call them root-hairs. They absorb water and
minerals, then transport them upwards to the leaves through the trunk and the
branches. It is the leaves which prepare the food. (Description)
The green material, chlorophyll,
prepares the food like a machine. It converts the carbon dioxide taken from the
air and water from the ground into sugar with the help of sunlight. This
chemical reaction is called photosynthes. In fact, the chlorophyll takes energy
from the sunlight and uses it to synthesize the hydrogen from water and carbon
from carbon dioxide for making sugar. This reaction also gives out oxygen and
water which are excreted by the leaves. (Description)
TANAMAN
Tanaman adalah makhluk hidup .
Mereka membutuhkan makanan , air dan udara untuk bertahan hidup . ( Klasifikasi
Umum )
Tanaman berasal makanan mereka dari
bumi dan udara . Jika Anda melihat akar mereka , Anda akan menemukan bahwa
ujung akar ini adalah seperti serat halus . Kami menyebutnya akar - rambut .
Mereka menyerap air dan mineral , kemudian mengangkut mereka ke atas ke daun
melalui batang dan cabang . Ini adalah daun yang menyiapkan makanan . (
Keterangan )
Bahan hijau, klorofil ,
mempersiapkan makanan seperti mesin . Ini mengubah karbon dioksida diambil dari
udara dan air dari tanah menjadi gula dengan bantuan sinar matahari . Ini
reaksi kimia disebut photosynthes . Bahkan , klorofil mengambil energi dari
sinar matahari dan menggunakannya untuk mensintesis hidrogen dari air dan
karbon dari karbon dioksida untuk membuat gula . Reaksi ini juga memberikan
keluar oksigen dan air yang diekskresikan oleh daun . ( Keterangan )
AUSTRALIA
Australia is a large continent. It
has six states and two territories.
The capital city of Australia is
Canberra. It is in the Australian Capital Territory.
The The population of Australia is
about 20 million. The first inhabitants to live in Australia were Aboriginal
people. After that people came from all over the world. The main language is
English, however many other languages are spoken.
There are many plants and animals
that are only found in Australia, e.g. kangaroos, platypuses, gum trees and
Waratahs.
The main products and industries are
wool, minerals, oil, coal, cereals and meat.
Some famous landmarks are the
Harbour Bridge, the Opera House and Uluru (Ayers Rock).
5.) Contoh teks report
Goannas
Australia is home to 25 of the
world’s 30 monitor lizard species. In Australia, monitor lizards are called
goannas.
Goannas have flattish bodies, long
tails and strong jaws. They are the only lizards with forked tongues, like a
snake. Their necks are long and may have loose folds of skin beneath them.
Their legs are long and strong, with sharp claws on their feet. Many goannas
have stripes, spots and other markings that help to camouflage them. The
largest species can grow to more than two metres in length.
All goannas are daytime hunters.
They run, climb and swim well. Goannas hunt small mammals, birds and other
reptiles. They also eat dead animals. Smaller goannas eat insects, spiders and
worms.
Male goannas fight with each other
in the breeding season. Females lay between two and twelve eggs.
6.) Contoh teks report
Mangrove
Trees
A mangrove is a tropical marine
tree. Mangroves have special aerial roots and salt-filtering tap roots which
enable them to thrive in brackish water. Brackish water is salty but not as
salty as sea water. Mangrove trees are commonly planted and found in coastal
areas. Mangroves can serve as walls of protection for natural disaster in
coastal area like tsunami. According to BBC News, healthy mangrove forests had
helped save lives in the Asia disaster tsunami and people tended to respect
these natural barriers even more, especially after the tsunami.
There are several species of mangrove tree found all over the world. Some
prefer more salinity, while others like to be very-close to a large fresh water
source such as river. Some prefer areas that are sheltered from waves. Some
species have their roots covered with sea water every day during high tide.
Other species grow on dry land but are still part of the ecosystem.The Times of India reported that rare species of
mangrove had been found and was also known as the looking-glass tree, probably
because the leaves are silver-coated.
Mangroves need to keep their trunk and leave above the surface of the water.
Yet they also need to be firmly attached to the ground so they are not moved by
waves.
Any part of root that appears above the water flows oxygen to the plant under
water surface. as the soil begin to build up, these roots procedure additional
roots that become embedded in the soil.
7.) Contoh teks report
Kinds of Earthquake
Earthquake often happens around us. It
brings great damages. Earthquake is hard to be predicted and that makes lot
victims.
Actually there are three kinds of
earthquake. This kinds of earthquake are commonly base on the factor and
geological area where the earthquakes happen. These three kinds of earthquake
are tectonic, volcanic and explosion.
Tectonic earthquakes is most common
one. This kind of earthquake happens while earth’s crust rocks break because of
the geological strength created by moving of the earth’s plates.
Volcanic earthquakes happen exactly
with volcanic activity. Volcanic earthquakes are when the volcano produces
acidic lava, which drys quickly, when it drys quickly it blocks the top of the
volcano. This make no more magma can escape. Pressure starts to build up and
eventually the acidic lava can no longer stand the pressure. So the volcano is
free to explode, the pressure is released so fast that an earthquake is caused.
A volcanic earthquake is usually kept within 10-20 miles of the volcano.
Explosion earthquakes are the result
of the collapse earthquakes that are small earthquakes occurring in underground
mines and caverns.
8.) Contoh teks report
Elephant
An elephant is the largest and
strongest of all animals. It is a strange looking animal which it has thick
legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tail, little eyes, long
white tusks and above all, elephant has a long nose, the trunk. An elephant is
commonly seen in a zoo, it has hard found in it natural habitat.
The trunk is the elephant’s peculiar feature. This trunk has various usages.
The elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt the water all over its
body like a shower bath. The elephant’s trunk also lift leaves and put them
into its mouth. In fact, the trunk serves the elephant as long arm and hand. An
elephant looks very clumsy and heavy and yet an elephant can move very quickly.
The elephant is very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its
great strength makes an elephant a very useful servant to man. Elephant can be
trained to serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers and
even fight. An elephant is really a smart animal.
9.) Contoh teks report
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions have caused some of the worst disasters in the world. They can
wipe out entire cities and kill thousands of people.
The name of volcano comes from Roman term. It derives from VULCAN which is the
name of Roman fire god. Romans believed that Vulcan lived on a volcanic Italian
coast. Romans called the island VULCANO.
According to scientists, volcanic
eruptions are divided in to four basic groups. They are commonly known as
Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Peleean. The term of Hawaiian eruptions
are named after the volcanoes in Hawaii. These volcanic eruptions are the least
violent type. They produce highly fluid lava which flows quietly. This
gradually builds up a shield volcano.
Strombolian eruptions are named
after Stromboli. These result from the constant release of gas from the magma.
As the gas escapes, it produces tephra that piles up, turning into a cinder
cone. Strombolian eruptions happen when sticky magma plugs the central vent.
This makes the magmatic gas build up pressure until it blasts. The magma is
turned into volcanic dust and bombs.
Vulcanian eruption which comes from
the ancient Roman belief, are more violent than the strombolian eruption.
Vulcanian eruption happens and brings magma which is more viscous. Vulcanian
explosions are usually larger and noisier than the Strombolian eruptions.
Paleean eruptions are famous as the
most violent kind of volcanic eruptions. The name of paleean comes from the
eruption of Mount Pelee, Martinique in 1902. It killed almost 38 thousands
people. A Peleean eruption occurs when the magmatic gas build up tremendous
pressure. This causes violent explosions with glowing clouds of hot ash and
dust.
10.) Contoh teks report
What is a tornado?
Tornadoes are known as one of the most damaging disasters. What is the
description of tornadoes? A tornado is a very powerful column of winds which
spirals around a center of low atmospheric pressure. A tornado will look like a
large black funnel which hangs down from a storm cloud.
The name “tornado” derives from the
Latin “tonare”. It means “to thunder.” While the Spanish developed the word
into “tornear” which means “to turn or twist”. This is why a tornado is
sometimes called twister or cyclone.
The winds inside a twister can spin
around at speeds up to 500 miles an hour, but it usually travels at roughly 300
miles an hour. This speed twisting makes a tornado the most dangerous storm.
The average tornado has a diameter
of about 200 to 300 yards. The smaller tornadoes are known as satellite
tornadoes. These small offspring, about 50 yards across, can be very fierce and
do lots of damage.
The forming of a tornado can be very
quick. Sometimes it can form in a minute or less. A tornado can travel across
the ground at high speeds, then it can suddenly vanish. Most tornadoes last
less than twenty minutes and travel less than 15 miles. However, the super
storms sometimes travel over 100 miles before they are exhausted.
11.) Contoh teks report
Platypus
Many people call platypus duckbill
because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and
southern and eastern Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and
covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and
stirring up mud. Platypus’ eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has
ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig
burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to
protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does
not need any burrow to stay.
12.) Contoh teks report
Human Body
Human body is actually a living
machine and is like all other machines. This living machine needs fuel to
supply it with energy. The fuel is provided by the food which we eat. However
do we know how much we need to stay healthy?
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the
amount of heat which is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1
degree C. The number of calories which people need per day varies. It depends
on the activity which the people are involved in. For example; people will need
more calories for standing than for sitting, people need more for running than
for walking, etc.
The energy which is provided by food is in the form of three kinds of chemical
substances. They are carbohydrate, protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 8.8
calories per gram (cal/gm) of energy, protein 4.0 cal/gm and fat 8.0 cal/gm.
Each food contains different proportion of these substances.These three
chemical substances are all important for body staying healthy.
13.) Contoh teks report
Birds
Birds are interesting flying
animals. They are vertebrates and warm blooded animals. They belong to aves
class and they can be found all over the world.
Birds breath with their air pocket.
Beside as respiration organ, air pocket also can enlarge or reduce their weight
when flying or swimming.
There are many kinds of birds. Earth
bird has special characteristic. They have different morphology acording to
their food and their habitat. Some of them eat seeds, pollen, fish or meat.
There are some species that live in land and the others live in water. Land
birds live on their nest.
Female birds have specific tasks.
they lay eggs and feed their baby, Beside that they look for foods for their
baby.
14.) Contoh teks report
Dances
Dances are parts of celebrations,
and mark important times of life such as births, weddings and funerals. They
are parts of festivities at times of planting and harvesting of rice, and other
important events.
There are many different types and styles of dances. They are Court, Martial,
Mask dances. The dances of the different island vary. Men and women seldom
perform together, except in courtship dances. generally dancers will be either
men or women. Indonesian dances are slow, with very controlled movements. The
dancers’s arm and hand movement are very important.
The court dances are very formal in style. Dancers keep their faces without any
expressions, and perform precise gestures. Some dances reflect the pomp and
formality of the court. Some dances tell stories from the Ramayana, the Hindu
holy book.
Martial dances are generally performed only by men. They were originally war
dances and in come the men demonstrade their skill in using the weapons of
battle, such as spears.
Some dances involve the use of elaborate masks. It is believed thet when a
dancer wears a mask, he takes on the character of the mask as though the spirit
of the mask takes over. Each island has different mask dances, and different
styles of masks.
